The Plural of Genus and Other Irregular Plurals

A genus is a group of objects that have similar characteristics. You may be most familiar with the word genus from biology class, as it refers to the subdivision in the classification of organisms. If you want to refer to more than one genus, you can use a few forms. Both genera and genuses are correct, although genera is best for academic writing. Note: You pronounce genera as JEN - er - uh. Awkward Plurals Pluralizing words is not something you stress about when preparing to write a paper. You just add an â€Å"s† or maybe an â€Å"es,† right? Well, sometimes it is not that easy. As you write, you may come across a word that you just do not know how to make plural. There are many words that just do not fit into our standard idea of making a singular word into a plural one. These kinds of nouns are called irregular plural nouns.   Irregular plural nouns can take many forms. Some of them change just the last few letters. Some change vowels in the middle of the word. Some nouns do not even change at all. There is not an easy trick to remember most of them, you just have to learn and memorize them. Below we will look at some commonly confused plural forms of words. There are some words or phrases that can be a bit tricky as well: Attorney general to attorneys generalPasserby to passersbySister in law to sisters in lawCoat of arms to coats of arms Plurals That Take No Change Some words do not have different forms when singular or plural. For example: PantsDeerCorpsFishSheepOffspringShrimpMooseScissors Words That Add S Some words that end in â€Å"o† can either just have an â€Å"s† or an â€Å"es† added to the end: Potato to potatoesMemo to memosHero to heroesVolcano to volcanoesTomato to tomatoes Words That Take an I Next are some words that end in â€Å"i† when pluralized. These words usually come from Latin or other languages. Here are some examples that you may encounter in your writing: Syllabus becomes syllabiFungus becomes fungiNucleus becomes nucleiRadius becomes radiiAlumnus becomes alumniStimulus becomes stimuliCactus to cactiFocus to foci Words That Change Completely Then, of course, there are words that just change. Some of these are Latin or Greek based as well: Die to diceMillennium to millenniaBacterium to bacteriaCriterion to criteriaCurriculum to curriculaParenthesis to parentheses  Emphasis to emphasesThesis to thesesAppendix to appendicesAnalysis to analyses  Synopsis to synopsesGenus to generaOx to oxenHypothesis to hypotheses   Words That Replace F With V Sometimes if a word ends in â€Å"f† or an â€Å"f† sound, we replace it with a â€Å"v† before adding the â€Å"es†: Wife to wivesCalf to calvesLife to livesThief to thievesLeaf to leavesSelf to selvesKnife to knivesElf to elvesShelf to shelvesWolf to wolves Words That Change a Vowel Sound Another strange way we can change a singular word to plural is by changing the internal vowel sound. Some of these are: Man to menWoman to womenMouse to miceFoot to feetTooth to teethGoose to GeeseLouse to lice

A Residential School Legacy - 1002 Words

A Residential School Legacy From the late 1800s to the 1980s, more than 100,000 First Nations children in Canada attended residential schools (Llewellyn, 2008, p. 258).2 To attend these schools, children were taken away from their families and communities. At the schools, the children suffered from emotional, physical, sexual and spiritual abuse (Steckley amp; Cummins, 2001, p. 191). The worst abuses were often used as punishment for speaking their indigenous languages (Petten, 2007, p. 22). The imposition of residential schools on First Nations children has led to significant loss of indigenous languages, and this language loss has led to further cultural losses for traditional First Nations cultures in Canada. 2 APA style requires†¦show more content†¦Besides damaging family and community relationships, the loss of indigenous languages also distanced many First Nations people from their traditional belief systems. One common belief among First Nations traditional cultures is that â€Å"all of life is spiritual: everything that exists, animals, plants, people, rocks, the sun and stars have elements of sacredness† (Rajotte, 1998, p. 21). This suggests that aboriginal peoples’ connection to nature is crucial to their A RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL LEGACY 4 A. Robinson amp; J. Robinson / 2009 (revised March 2010) Sample Essay APA Style WR4.35 spirituality. Aboriginal spirituality is passed on orally by elders through myths and rituals. Without knowledge of their traditional languages, young people could not learn about the spiritual beliefs of their people. This spirituality was all encompassing, affecting not only their thoughts about the spirit world but also their knowledge of places, plants and animals and traditional skills such as fishing, trapping, and tanning (Blair et al., 2002, p. 96). As Steckley and Cummins have pointed out, without access to the elders’ knowledge of nature, young people lost access to the beliefs and practices their people had developed over thousands of years (2001, p. 17). Therefore, the loss of language led to the loss of traditional spiritual beliefs andShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Residential Schools1849 Words   |  8 PagesThe legacy that residential schools left behind in Canada was not a positive one. Residential schools, up until the day that the last one closed in 1996, were supported and funded by the Canadian government. The aboriginals who attended these schools were treated unethically, and, as a result, the Aboriginals had many bitter feelings of resentment towards everyone else living in Canada. The immoral treatment of the First Nations people by the Canadian government severely impacted relations betw eenRead MoreResidential Schools, a Legacy of Shame2808 Words   |  12 Pagessub-humans; savages with no religion, intelligence, or right to live. This general idea has carried through-out the history of our supposedly great country; Canada. This essay will examine the residential school system in depth. It will then relate the Canadian Government s actions in response to residential schools, good and bad. From the late nineteenth century until well into the twentieth century, the Government of Canada worked vigorously to enforce their legislative war against Indianness.Read MoreDevelopment Of The Residential School System1740 Words   |  7 Pages: A quote from Aggie George recalling of her experience in the Lejac Indian Residential School (Legacy of Hope Foundation, 2001). In the 1880s all the way to the 1990’s roughly 150,000 aboriginal children where removed from their communities and homes to attend the residential school system set up by the government and operated by the Christian churches (Government of Canada, 2015). The purpose of these residential schools was to isolate Aboriginal children from their families and assimilate themRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Treaties With The First Nations Post Royal Proclamation Of 17631259 Words   |  6 Pageseligible to receive specific benefits. The purpose of Canada s residential schools was to assimilate First Nation peoples into mainstream Canadian Society, like the Indian Act. The Residential Schools damaged First Nation people because it disconnected the children from their history, language, family, and culture. Residential Schools taught children that their culture wasn t worth preserving. Some legacies of Residential Schools include alcoholism, poverty, and increased chances of becoming aRead MoreWhere The Blood Mixes Character Analysis1330 Words   |  6 PagesKevin Loring casts light on the rippling effects of the trauma caused by residential schools on generations of Indigenous peoples in the twenty first century. Lorings play, which is set in the twenty first century, illuminates the present-day legacy of residential schools and residential school survivors. Loring strives not to minimize the experiences of residential school survivors, but to reconstruct how residential school survivors are viewed and represent ed. Loring achieves this task throughRead MoreThe Indian Residential School System1531 Words   |  7 PagesFirst Nation children were forced to attend Indian residential schools dating back to the 1870’s and spanned many decades with the final school closing in 1996. These educational institutions were government funded and church run by Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, United and Anglican denominations (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, n.d.). There were 139 schools where more than 150 000 First Nations children attended. The children of these schools were mentally, physically, emotionally and sexuallyRead MoreModern Day Society : The Legacies Of Historical Globalization1253 Words   |  6 PagesModern day society is built from legacies of historical globalization. It should be recognized that some legacies were not the most positive, and that every legacy of historical globalization affects us today. It has been heavily debated that to what extent should we dwell on t he legacies of historical globalization. Some people believe that it is necessary to dwell on events of the past. Yet others say that it is the past, and our current society functions normally without it. While contemporaryRead MoreThe Truth And Reconciliation Commission ( Trc )1536 Words   |  7 Pageswere forcibly removed from their communities, and sent to Indian residential schools. Generation after generation of indigenous children were denied the right to speak their own language, explore spirituality and to learn about their rich cultural history. These schools were designed to assimilate indigenous children into the society of the European settlers. It was under that system that Aboriginal children were required to attend schools that would ‘take the Indian out of the child,’ in hopes to solveRead MoreOut Of The Depths Shines A Light On Residential Schools1395 Words   |  6 PagesIsabelle Knockwood’s novel Out of The Depths shines a light on Residenti al Schools in Canada through the first hand accounts of twenty-seven survivors who attended the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School. Although Knockwood’s compilation of accounts are all from students of one residential school, the treatments and experiences echo the sentiments of students and authors over a much greater area. The affects of Residential Schools have had a lasting impact, affecting communities and individualRead MoreHistorical Globalization Essay685 Words   |  3 Pageslanguages, family, freedom, and dignity. Like the Rwanda incidents, Apartheid Law in South Africa and the incidents in Residential Schools in Canada. Although those things had happened, they still survive and right now is rebuilding and moving forward to not let it happen again with the little help of NGOs. In my opinion, Contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization. Moving forward and start making a better future is the only answer for those horrible events

Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care Free Essays

string(148) " have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated\." Title: A 3000 words essay critically reviewing a service user’s journey through their experience of care In this essay I will critically evaluate a resident by the name of Tom Journey with dementia. He suffers from Alzheimer’s dementia and lives in sheltered housing. I will explore issues surrounding nutrition intake, wandering, communication, incontinence and the environment that affect the client, family and staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will then look at the assessment process, care planning, implementing and evaluation. I will explore patient safety, intervention and the processes that managers and professionals have to undertake when managing individuals with dementia. These interventions and approaches adopted are vital when planning person centred care. In addition, due to the policy of confidentiality I would not mention the name of the organisation and persons involved. The essay will end with a conclusion and a summary. According to Mathers and Leanardi (2000), â€Å"Dementia is a syndrome caused by a range of illnesses and currently many are incurable, and cause progressive, irreversible brain damage. They include Alzheimer’s disease (the most common cause), vascular disease, frontal lobe dementia and Lewy Body disease. Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, difficulties with language, judgement, insight and failure to recognise people, disorientation, mood changes, hallucinations, delusions, and the gradual loss of ability to perform all tasks of daily living†,( Mathers and Leanardi, 2000). Mace and Rabin (1999) highlighted that, â€Å"the word dementia originated from two Latin words which mean â€Å"away and mind†. This can indicate a loss of memory inability to function effectively, which can result in mental confusion†. Jack is a seventy year old man with dementia. He lives in sheltered housing. He has four children two sons and two daughters. He was moved from his home into sheltered accommodation after the death of his wife Mary. His condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed extra support to live at home safely. The family was unable to adequately provide for Jack’s needs, so they decided to re-house him. The family brought Jack with them to view the flat before he was moved in. This allowed Jack the opportunity to meet the staff and get familiar with the new environment. He was brought in by is son and daughter, but his son stayed with him in the guest room for a few days to get him settled and feel comfortable. Jack was showing early signs of dementia as his communication was not clear at times and often his speech was muddled. Furthermore, his memory was poor at first as he kept asking for his wife repeatedly for examples, † where am I†, â€Å"whose house is thisâ₠¬ , and â€Å"why am I here†. Also his nutrition was an issue as he was not eating his meals and often said he was not hungry or he would eat later. He would sometimes say take it away and feed the pigeon. Food would turn up in various places like bins, in drawers and even in his bed. Mace and Rabins (1999) mentioned that eating alone can contribute to or worsen their confusion. Incontinence was also a big concern for staff as he was constantly wet and soiled with faeces. He would choose places not suitable to use for toileting, removing his protective clothing. He was also hiding dirty soiled clothes in inappropriate places. Moreover, getting his personal care done was a big task as he was not cooperative. Beatie et al, (2005) stated that people with dementia do not know that they are not being cooperative with certain basic tasks. This could be related to my client as I observed these issues on many occasions. All these conditions have been highlighted by (Kitwood, 1997). With regard to incontinence, Parker (2000) supported that because of the dying of the brain cells, a person like Jack will not be able to independently identify the message the brain is conveying about the bowel. This problem was identified with Jack. Jack, as supported by Parker (2000) should be encouraged to use the toilet before and after consuming meals and drinks and should also have a regular pad change. Parker 2000 also cited that when any person in a state like that of Jack is constipated or having sluggish bowel movement, they should be offered medication like suppositories and if this does not work they should be supported by observation. When dealing with Jack who does not have mental capacity it is important to observe his actions. When he is in need of toileting he can exhibit the following actions which are non verbal such as pulling down or removing pants, or opening his fly. These actions are likely to suggest that he wants to use the toilet. Mace and Rabins (1999) argued that it can be very difficult for practitioners to achieve appropriate assessments when they are dealing with persons who are living in an independent setting. My assessment highlighted many problems such as personal care, poor memory, poor nutrition intake, urinary incontinence, poor communication and wandering about all the time. However, this was more pronounced in the evenings. Morris and Morris (2010), Kitwood, (1997) and Algage (2006), have highlighted this problem to be â€Å"sundown syndrome†. According to Leblance (2011) he described this as onset of confusion that occurs in late afternoon and night time. Algage (2006) further stated that wandering is a way of communicating in a non verbal form by using action to correspond with others. Moreover Beatie et al, (2005) argued that patients with dementia may not be able to read signs. For example factors like the environment may cause them to be distressed and might put them at risk, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Some residents like Jack may have limited communication ability to verbalise what they want to do, so they just show action as a way of communicating. For example, the sign posts, symbols and photographic pictures might not appeal to them because of their limited ability to focus on details, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Beatie et al, (2005) and Fox and Wilson (2007) have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated. You read "Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care" in category "Essay examples" More so, Beatie et al, (2005) mentioned that these factors might cause a patient to wander because if they feel lonely and anxious for a long period of time. They might want to find something to engage in. A person with dementia might find it difficult to sit down. For example in my observations I feel that Jack was living in a community where he had friends and family to socialise with and moving to a new place was somehow upsetting for him. Likewise changes might have caused Jack’s more loss of memory and this could be another reason why he failed to adjust to his new surrounding as cited in Mace and Rabins (1999). Moreover, in this sheltered housing there are no facilities like shops and recreational facilities as it is in a secluded area. Knockers (2000) mentioned about daily living activities that could have been useful to a patient with dementia like Jack. In my opinion, this would have given Jack the opportunity to engage with other residents. This would have been a great way of socialising, chatting, enjoyment and given him a purpose in life and most of all engaging his time and stop him from wondering so frequently. According to Cheston and Bender (1999) and Innes et al, (2000) the DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is a precise framework that is important to assess patients with dementia. The DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is an observational tool which is used in a professional setting. This tool could have been useful to Jack if he was living in suitable housing that meets his needs (Kitwood 1997, Shels 2007 and Fox and Wilson, 2000), Mace and Rabins (1999) mention that MME (Mini Mental Examination) also known as the â€Å"mini mental† is one of the tools that are used to screen an individual’s mental ability at the onset of dementia. This tool is also known as the performance tool that allows five minutes to perform a set of precise tasks. This entails a maximum score of thirty answers to questions given. â€Å"Some of the questions are, do you know what day it is, date, month and the time, do you know what country you live, and the town. Can you spell the word â€Å"world† backwards, can you write a sentence†. Likewise, In Jack’s case he was assessed using this tool to get a precise answer to see what he can independently do for himself. In addition, Fox and Wilson (2007) argued that the assessment processes should be compiled into a feedback statement. This information should be given at the beginning and end of the assessment. Chester and Bender (2000) mentioned that feedback should be given in both oral and written statement. This is necessary for the patient and their family to adjust and come to terms with their illness, and deal with their emotions. According to Carmody and Forester (2003) the main areas of care planning are assessment, planning, evaluation, implementation and evaluation. Care plans are legal documents which should be reviewed on a regular basis for accuracy. Jack’s care plan contains some important information such as his name, date of birth, address and all information recorded was signed and dated. Likewise, May et al (2003) mentioned that a care plan should be compiled and put together the persons needs and deeds. Jack’s care plan was fully supported and some of the information included was his life history, lifestyle, health, personality, and preferences, present and future wishes. Jack’s capacity, cognitive ability and the stages he was at present were documented. Jack’s care plan contains three columns. The left column was to record Jack’s needs, the middle column gives precise information for cares to comply with, whilst the right column is to record information, sign, date and reviews (May et al, 2003). May et al, (2003) proposed that the enriched care planning was developed from the enriched model of dementia by (Kitwood, 1997). Jack care plan consists of five core areas which are reviewing, profiling, implementation, identifying needs and documenting needs. Jack care plan was fully supported by the carers. In Jack’s case his care plan was reviewed with the social worker, general practitioner, occupational therapist, dietician, warden, care manager and family and myself who is his key worker. This set out clear instructions for staff on how to personalise care for Jack. This includes, monitoring and assessing changes in his toileting, nutritional intake, communication, health and wandering. Four main calls were put in place for his main meals and regular checks to stop him from feeling lonely. Jack care plan was reviewed and implementation of safety devices was put in action to keep Jack safe. This involves the implementing of sensory aids and equipment that will help to keep him safe at all times and especially during the nights. This included a bed sensor and door activator that goes off when he gets out of bed and when he leaves his flat. This equipment was most useful during the nights. Reflective lighting was also put into place. It would come on at a certain time in the evening. The door bell flashing light let him know when someone was entering his flat. Picture coding colour was put on his fridge door and bedroom door to remind him where to go and what to do. Jacks’ family were in complete denial about his condition and they would often get very upset with him. They thought that their dad was trying to get back at them for moving him. One daughter was constantly fussing over him and telling him off. This made it quite difficult for staff and management to get the assessment process started. The other barrier was the staff members that were not able to support Jack’s family appropriately, as they were not trained adequately in dementia care. Jack’s condition deteriorated rapidly and staff was finding it quite difficult to cope with his demanding and stressful behaviour. Jack was given tablets to keep him calm, however, this medication in my observation was too strong for him and often he would sleep for long periods of time. Staff would have to wake him up for meals and before he finished his meals he would be fast asleep. In work places which are independent based, these facilities are not designed to accommodate people with certain forms of dementia and for this reason it took a longer time for Jack’s needs to be reassessed. Jack’s needs were finally met and then he was admitted to a dementia unit where he was housed, (Carmody and Foster, 2003, Jacques and Jackson, 2000). These factors can become a barrier for professional when implementing care for people living with dementia, (Jacques and Jackson, 2000). In Jack’s case he could have benefitted from the evaluation tool to stimulate communication between staff and himself. This would have prompted his alertness and encouraged communication at meal times as observed by Shiels (2007). With reference to evaluation this process is necessary to get a direct result of Jack’s illness. This will establish how far his condition has deteriorated and the extent of his impairment and functioning. Moreover, this will identify other health problems, so that the necessary treatment and planning can be put in place to address his needs, (Mace and Rabin 1999). Jack had to undertake this evaluation and many tests such as CBC (Complete blood count) which includes a blood chemistry test, checking the liver and kidney for signs of diabetes, vitamin B12 and thyroid level . The VDRL check for syphilis and LP (lumbar puncture) investigates the central nervous system. EEC (electroencephagram) measures the brain activities. CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, SPECT scans which are all important tests can identify the presence of a stroke. Jack was also given a neuropsychological test or the cortical test where they test his memory for writing and reasoning ability, and coordination (Mace and Rabin 1999). A psychiatric and psychosocial evaluation was also conducted by way of interviews with Jack’s family and his friend. This was vital to planning and development of care and this was also supported by a family evaluation to assess and to address their emotional, financial and physical needs, (Carmody and Forster 2003). Jack‘s condition has deteriorated even further and he has started leaving the premises through the back door. There is sensory equipment which is now in place in order to monitor his movements. Jack sometimes presses the button and it raises an alarm with the central control office. The control room staff will then contact the staff on duty to go and attend to Jack and see whether there is anything he needs. In most cases when the staff gets there, Jack will be trying to leave the premises not properly dressed. Examples being dressed in his pyjamas and bed room slippers, wearing a vest without his shirt or wearing his trouser inside out. When the staff try to get Jack to return to his flat he becomes very aggressive, shouting and hitting the staff and refusing to go back. The police on many occasions are called to search for him. AGASE (2006) indicated that wandering is associated with risk factors of getting lost and falls. As highlighted by Hodgkinson et al ( 2007) â€Å"gridlines placed on front door exits, door handles, panic button bars might be an effective way to addresses Jack’s wandering and reduce the risk of escaping†. Carmody and Forster (2003) suggest that a person like Jack can benefit from ADL (Activities of Daily Living) as this will help test his functioning abilities and performance. With regards to communication and Jack’s outburst Phillips and Penhale (1996) argued that some people with dementia like Jack might have poor memory, limited communication ability with others. Jack is unaware of his aggression towards staff. This is not done intentionally as his brain cells are dying. Jack is unaware that he is causing harm to any one as he is simply trying to communicate. Jack will be trying to say why are these people stopping or preventing me from going to see my friends. In my observation Jack was finding it difficult to say the right word, as he was not able to understand what is being said to him. Carmody and Forster (2003) Fox and Wilson (2000) highlighted that the person who is undertaking a communication assessment needs to be a good listener and a competently trained professional. This person needs to have experiences of in dealing with different cases of dementia and know the differences between the different types. Fox and Wilson (2000) mentioned that a person with counselling skills might be able to address the needs of a person with dementia more efficiently. In my opinion, these skills are important when working with customers with dementia. In Jack’s case this would have been more beneficial if staff dealing with him had appropriate counselling skills. They would have been in a position to understand how to communicate with Jack as to achieve effective results. In the long run Jack was finding it more difficult to cope with every day activities. He had suffered a relapse and his condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed more specialist care. He was not coping well and his health and safety was at risk. Jack needs were reassessed and he was no longer capable to live independently any more. Management and social worker were in the process of getting him relocated when he suffered a fall. He was taken to hospital and then he was moved into a residential home that cares for people with dementia. In conclusion, the government acknowledges dementia as a growing problem and has put strategies in place to care for people with dementia. To address Jack’s needs appropriately his care should be person centred. Jack was moved to a new home and this might have contributed to his wandering. His new setting was secluded and he had no friends to communicate or socialise with. This factor could have led to further confusion and made him feel lonely and even depressed. Although Jack was fully supported by the planning, assessment, implementing and evaluation process, his needs were slow to be addressed by the family and this posed as a barrier to Jack getting the care he required. However, the assessment procedure and progress for independent living have to be organised by many professionals. It appears in Jack’s case it was not recognised and dealt with appropriately at times. For example, the process to get a person assessed for dementia in independent housing took a long time. There were other issues and barriers that Jack faced on his journey, even though the government had put these strategies in place to address the needs of people with dementia. In order to address Jack’s needs and that of other people with dementia the professionals need to adapt a person centred approach. Staff needs to be competently trained in dementia care so that they can support family and friends when a person is diagnosed with dementia. Reference Algase,D. L. (2006) What’s new about wandering? An assessment of recent studies 226 -234 [Available at: www. reo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/ 2011). Beatie,E. R. A. Song, J. And LaGore, S. (2005) A comparison of wandering behaviour in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, Research and theory for nursing practice Vol 19 No. 2. 181-196 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Carmody, S. Forster, S. (2003) Nursing older people; a guide to practice in care home. Oxion Radcliff Publishing. Cheston. R. Bender, M. (1999) Understanding dementia: the man with the worried eyes, London. Jessica Kingsley. Fox, M. And Wilson, L. 2000) The centred advocacy for people with dementia, The journal of dementia care Vol 15 No 2. Jacques, A. And Jackson, G. (2000) Understanding dementia, 3rd edn, London, Churchhill Livingston. Hodgkinson, B. Koch, S. Nay R. And Lewis, M. (2007) Managing the wandering behaviour of people in a aged care facility 407-436 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Inness, A. Capstick, A. And Surr, C. (2000)Mapping out framework, The Journal of dementiacare, Vol. 15 Kitwood, T (1997) Dementia reconsidered; The person comes first, Buckingham. Open University Press. Knockers, S. (2007) Capturing the magic of everyday activities, The journal of dementia care. Vol 15 No2 Leblanc, G. J. (2011) staying afloat in a sea of forgetfulness; common sense care giving, Bloomington Xlibris. Parker, T. (2000) Incontinence of faeces: the final frontier? Journal of dementiacare V0L. 8 No2 Phillips, J. and Penhale, B. (1996) Reviewing Care Management for Older People, London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers May, H. Edwards, P. And Brooker , D. (2009) Enriched care planning for people with dementia , London. Jessica Kingsley How to cite Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care, Essay examples

Essay on Bravery and Cowardice in Private Peaceful free essay sample

In this essay I’ll be discussing the topic of bravery and cowardice and also stating whether or not Tommo and all the other characters are cowards or brave. Throughout Novel there are many examples of bravery and cowardice and is compared to many acts of bravery; as a result, as soon as you’ve read an act bravery the author chose to write an act of cowardice to balance it out such as when Charlie displays courage as he protects his younger brother from bullies and corporal punishment such as the colonel and his sergeant. This obviously shows bravery. Another way to show Charlie’s bravery is when he disobeyed a direct order, but he did so in order to protect his comrade, Tommy and also because he knew it was suicidal order ( because of the Germans using equipment, that as soon as they get to the front line they would be killed). Furthermore, Charlie is not given a chance to present his side of the story. Ultimately, the negligence of the chain-of-command resulted in the death of an innocent soldier. But even at the end you may argue he was still showing bravery by not shivering: to show he was week, wanting to see the bullets coming towards him rather than putting the hood on, that the guards persisted he had on (maybe they showing cowardice) Big Joe is a symbol of innocence that Charlie takes comfort in before his pending execution, he thinks about him by singing oranges and lemons before his death rather than pitying himself because he knew he wasn’t a coward regardless to what his sergeant or anyone else had said. It was brave of Tommo to reveal his secret to Charlie, as Charlie had no clue how his father’s death really happened. Tommo proves to be brave by telling Charlie his biggest secret and it was obviously hard telling the truth to his brother as Charlie never knew the truth. All his actions prove him to be someone we should look up to. It was very brave of Tommo to tell Charlie as he had dreams about this. In contrast, Morpurgo uses â€Å"evil† in some of the characters such as Colonel, Grandma Wolf, and Sergeant Hanley. Grandma wolf delights in torturing the vulnerable Big Joe. Grandma Wolf knew that Big Joe liked the rat but she  killed it to tease Big Joe. This obviously makes it’s cowardly as she is punishing Big Joe just for being different. In this book, sergeant Hanley is displayed as a very cowardly person. Throughout the whole book he has been giving grief to the soldiers, making their lives hell, and frightening them to death especially to Charlie. Hanley has never had a soft spot for the Peaceful’s let alone anyone and makes sure that the soldiers don’t disobey him or even enjoy themselves. I think sergeant Hanley is a selfish and cowardly person. For example sergeant Hanley wants the soldiers to go out of the dugout and face the guns; however, he himself knows that most of them will face their death this way. It is not a must that he has to tell the soldiers that they need to go out there, but he does so anyway because he’s following his bosses orders ( even though he knows inside that it’s a stupid idea but unlike Charlie he’s too much of a coward to disobey these orders) . Charlie refuses to go with him and knows that going out of the dugout at the moment would be suicidal; he wants to stay with Tommo as Tommo seems to be fatally injured and dying. So therefore Charlie disobeys him, after a few threats the court martial calls up the firing squad to execute poor Charlie. Overall, at the end of the novel Tommo showed a lot of bravery. When he told Charlie about his secret, he was brave and courageous because it may have taken a long time to say but he still said it even though he was scared of what his brother might say, or think about him. I admire Tommo because from being shy and quiet he was brave and fearless. I feel that Michael Morpurgo did an outstanding job by making these two characters, Charlie and Tommo because in their own way they’ve shown bravery such as when Tommo felt he was a coward for not joining up to go to the army but showed a tremendous amount of bravery by joining up because he was terrified and that was the day he became a man. That is why I feel he should be admired and he would be a great role model someone to aspire to be like because yes you can argue he had some cowardly moments but all in all he had some great courageous ones as well.let alone anyone and makes sure that the soldiers don’t disobey him or even enjoy themselves. I think sergeant Hanley is a selfish and cowardly person. For example sergeant Hanley wants the soldiers to go out of the dugout and face the guns; however, he himself knows that most of them will  face their death this way. It is not a must that he has to tell the soldiers that they need to go out there, but he does so anyway. Charlie refuses to go with him and knows that going out of the dugout at the moment would be suicidal; he wants to stay with Tommo as Tommo seems to be fatally injured and dying. So therefore Charlie disobeys him, after a few threats Hanley court-martials Charlie and this leads to yet another young soldier’s death. let alone anyone and makes sure that the soldiers don’t disobey him or even enjoy themselves. I think sergeant Hanley is a selfish and cowardly person. For example sergeant Hanley wants the soldiers to go out of the dugout and face the guns; however, he himself knows that most of them will face their death this way. It is not a must that he has to tell the soldiers that they need to go out there, but he does so anyway. Charlie refuses to go with him and knows that going out of the dugout at the moment would be suicidal; he wants to stay with Tommo as Tommo seems to be fatally injured and dying. So therefore Charlie disobeys him, after a few threats Hanley court-martials Charlie and this leads to yet another young soldier’s death.